8 8 8 reading

Who invented the steam engine? Heron from Egypt. Heron lived in Alexandria and is best known as a mathematician and geometer. Unfortunately for Heron, no one was able to see its practical function, so it was considered nothing more than an amusing novelty. Amazingly, had Heron but known it, the railway had already been invented 700 years earlier. The principle of railways was then completely forgotten about for almost another 500 years, until people had the idea of using them in mines in the fourteenth century. The historian Arnold Toynbee wrote a brilliant essay speculating what would have happened if the two inventions had been combined to create a global Greek empire, based on a fast rail network. Heron also invented the vending machine – for four drachmas you got a shot of holy water – and a portable device to ensure that no one else could drink the wine you brought along to a bottle party. You are considering visiting the city and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out the following: 1) dates for departures 2) hotel facilities 3) if breakfast is included 4) number of city tours 5) discounts You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

-        Sure, I don’t feel very comfortable about it. Every time my classmates’ mobiles ring I start looking for my mobile in my pockets.

-        I am fifteen.

-        In fact I use my mobile all the time. Of course, I make calls then I send and receive about 10 text messages every day. Besides, I sometimes take digital pictures and send them to my friends.

-        Don’t take me wrong but I don’t think it is right that mobiles are not allowed in some schools. Of course it is not so good when phone calls interfere in school studies and students get sidetracked but some calls can be very important.

-If you ask me I would recommend people switch off or turn down their phones at the theatre, cinema, in the concert hall and in class not to get people sidetracked.

-        As a child of seven I got my first mobile. I got my first mobile at the age of 6. I got my first mobile when I was 5.

1.  Some people see computers as a threat because they are scared of change.

Scared of change, some people see computers as a threat.

2.  People think more about home entertainment because they have more choice.

Having more choice, people think more about home entertainment.

Rewrite the following sentences as in the example above.

1. Many people want to study computers because they are afraid of losing their jobs.

2. Some young people decide to work with computers because they are introduced to them by games.

3. Some people try to ignore technology because they hope it will not affect them.

4. Many of us would not welcome domestic robots because we are worried about the danger.

5. We can’t be certain because we do not know the future. 

Go off-  перестает нравится

Take off – снимать

Put off – откладывать

Call off – отменять

Make off – скрываться, сбежать

Turn off – выключать

1.  The burglars stole a video player and… ...in a white car.

2.  We’ve decided to …the experiment…until the weather improves.

3.  Before you go into the lab please … ...your shoes.

4.  I’ve really … ...violent video games.

5.  My cousin was planning to marry a woman over the Internet but the last minute they …it … .

6.  Don’t you think you should … your computer … and go and play football outside with your friends?

                           

 Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there? This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.                                         

1.Write a letter to Tom.-answer his questions-ask 3 questions about his summer plans.100-140 words.

Comment on the following statement:

“It is impossible to make time for language learning within final academic year.”

Write 200-250 words

“+”

- find ways how to incorporate language learning into existing workload / academic commitments / academic obligations

- to blend language learning with other commitments
- to combine regular studies with language learning

-learn the names in my target language

-jot down the names in the language I am trying to learn

-maintain language learning enthusiasm

“-“

-academic obligations

-take priority

-during your final year at school / during last year at school

- to keep up with your language learning

- one more nagging commitment

-one that can be ignored

-To use perfectly constructed language

- constantly improve your language skills

- benefits don’t end with improved language acquisition

- to find new  and interesting ways to retain information

Introduction:

Some people support the idea that it’s impossible to make time for language learning within final academic year while others think that you can successfully blend language learning with your other commitments.

Conclusion:

 To conclude, although some people find it impossible to keep up with language learning during last year at school I still think there are many possibilities for incorporating your target language into your academic commitments. What is more, benefits don’t end with improved language acquisition. By combining your regular studies with language learning you’re finding new and interesting ways to retain information, thus benefitting both obligations with very minimal extra effort.

Present Progressive

(events that have already been arranged)

1. We are meeting to discuss the matter next week.

2. He is bringing his new girlfriend over to our house tonight.

Specific time reference

1.  I’m leaving soon.

2.  We are going there tomorrow.

3.  Sheila is heading off soon.

An implied time reference

1.  We are having the meeting before lunch.

2.  I’m leaving when he tells me I can.

A reference to a location.

1.  I’m flying out from Heathrow.

Context.

-Are you sure it is O’K for you to stay? The last bus leaves in five minutes.

-Sure, my dad is picking me up.

Either Neither

1 I can’t speak Spanish, and you can’t either

2 She doesn’t eat red meat, and neither does he

3 The students didn’t have any books, and the teacher didn’t either

4 We haven’t seen that movie yet, and  neither have you

5  Jane doesn’t drive yet, and neither does Jim

6 You won’t shop at that store, and I won’t either

7 The computer doesn’t work, and neither does the printer

8 You didn’t do any laundry, and  I didn’t either

9 Henry isn’t eating his food, and and Zelda isn’t either

10 I don’t have to work tomorrow, and and neither do you

Used to    Would

When she was a little girl she used to visit Paris often

In the summer they would walk along  the beach

As a schoolboy, I would come to classes late every now and then

I'm not half the man I used to be

As teenagers, we would walk without a destination on Saturday afternoons

I used to work hard when I was a student

Before I passed my driving test, I used to cycle everywhere

He would always lose when he played chess with my father